在-Linux-上安装-Stata

发布时间：2020-10-09 阅读 5070

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Source: Alvaro Carril, Installing Stata on (Ubuntu) Linux

Installing Stata properly on Linux is surprisingly cumbersome, and I’ve found that even Statacorp’s own guide is incomplete and outdated. So here’s mine.

I have installed Stata in many Linux systems, but this tutorial focuses on Ubuntu 16.04 (specially in the last part). I will use Stata 14.2, but with minimal modifications it can be used for versions 13 through 15. I’m also assuming you have a tarball (a .tar.gz file) with the appropriate installation files for your operating system, and that you have root privileges in your system.

1. Installation

Change directory to wherever you have the .tar.gz file (e.g. the Downloads folder). There, create a temporary folder to store the installation files (e.g. statainstall), and extract the installation files to that folder.
```
cd ~/Downloads
mkdir statainstall
tar -xvzf Stata14Linux64.tar.gz -C statainstall
```
Create the installation directory, and change location into it.
```
sudo mkdir /usr/local/stata14
cd /usr/local/stata14
```
Run the install script.
```
sudo ~/Downloads/statainstall/install
```

1.1 License

In order you configure the license file you just need to run ./stinit (you’ll need root privileges to write the file). Be sure to have the serial number, code and authorization. No need to disconnect from the interwebz here, even if you have an “alternative” license ;)

sudo ./stinit

1.2 Add directory to path

In order to be able to launch Stata you’ll need to add the installation directory to the system path.

Add one line at the end of your .bashrc file to add Stata to the unix path.
```
echo export PATH="/usr/local/stata14:$PATH" >> ~/.bashrc
```
You need to source your .bashrc so that the changes are effective:
```
source ~/.bashrc
```
(Or you can also restart your terminal)

After adding the install directory to yout path, you should be able to run the appropriate version of Stata from the terminal, e.g.:

xstata-mp

This launches the X-window (GUI based) version of Stata MP. You can also run Stata directly within the terminal with

stata-mp

Obviously you’ll need to substitute mp for whatever version you have a license for. At this point you can also delete the temporary installation folder:

rm -r ~/Downloads/statainstall

2. Additional improvements

I have identified the following potential issues you may have after installing Stata in Linux:

Interface has no icons (ie. only question marks)
Program doesn’t have an application menu entry (ie. can’t search for the app)
Mimetype associations don’t work (ie. you can’t double click a .dta file and have it open in Stata)
PDF documentation links don’t work

If you want to solve the first three of these issues at once with little messing around, you can use Daniel Bela’s stata-integration, which is a bundled Linux binary script integrating an already installed Stata instance into the desktop environment. I’ve tried the script and it works as advertised, solving all above issues. However, it runs some binaries in sudo, so you may be uncomfortable with that.

If you want to address this issues manually, you can check out the sections below.

2.1 Interface icons

Although it is only a aesthetic annoyance, it is annoying to have an interface with no icons:

My good friend and colleague at the NBER, Kyle Barron, has written a fix for this issue. The main advantage of Kyle’s solution is that it doesn’t require sudo privileges.

2.2 Unity launcher and desktop file

Even after successfully installing and running Stata, in Ubuntu it won’t be available as an application in the dash, and it won’t have a proper icon in the application launcher. We can easily fix this by creating a .desktop file for Stata.

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/stata14.desktop

In this newly-created file just copy and paste the following, obviously adjusting it if you have a different version or flavor of Stata:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=14.2
Terminal=false
Icon=/usr/local/stata14/stata14.png
Type=Application
Categories=Education;Scientific;
Exec=/usr/local/stata14/xstata-mp
Name=Stata/MP 14
Comment=Perform statistical analyses using Stata.
StartupNotify=true
MimeType=application/x-stata-dta;application/x-stata-do;application/x-stata-smcl;application/x-stata-stpr;application/x-stata-gph;application/x-stata-stsem;
Actions=doedit;use;view;graphuse;projmanag;semopen;

After saving this file you should be able to find Stata from the Unity dash, and when launched it should have its icon.

2.3 Adding mimetype associations

Adding mimetype associations for Stata files allows you to see Stata files (e.g. do files, dta files) with their proper icons, and more importantly, to be automagically opened in Stata when executed. This is the default behavior in Windows or Mac, but with Linux we have to do a bit of extra work.

First download this tarball with Stata icons and extract it wherever you like.

In the terminal, go to the location where you have extracted the icons and then change directory to the PNG icons that correspond to your version of Stata. Then issue the following commands:

xdg-icon-resource install --context mimetypes --size 256 stata-dta_256x256x32.png application-x-stata-dta
xdg-icon-resource install --context mimetypes --size 256 stata-do_256x256x32.png application-x-stata-do

Create and edit the mimetype definitions with the following command:
```
sudo gedit /usr/share/mime/packages/application-x-stata.xml
```
Then copy the following inside this newly created file, and save.

    |  | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> |
    |  | <mime-info xmlns='http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/shared-mime-info'> |
    |  | <mime-type type="application/x-stata-dta"> |
    |  | <comment>Stata data file</comment> |
    |  | <glob pattern="*.dta"/> |
    |  | <icon name="application-x-stata-dta"/> |
    |  | </mime-type> |
    |  | <mime-type type="application/x-stata-do"> |
    |  | <comment>Stata do file</comment> |
    |  | <glob pattern="*.do"/> |
    |  | <icon name="application-x-stata-do"/> |
    |  | </mime-type> |
    |  | </mime-info> |

view raw
application-x-stata.xml hosted with ❤ by GitHub

Finally, update the mime and desktop databases so that changes take effect.

sudo update-mime-database /usr/share/mime
sudo update-desktop-database /usr/share/applications/

That’s it! You should now have a fully functional, “pretty” version of Stata on your Linux system. With a bit of extra work, you can complete the job and add mimetype associations for more obscure Stata files. For instance, I’ve associated do and adofiles to be opened up by Atom (my preferred text editor in Linux), as well as sthlp files (useful for when you’re documenting a program).

2.4 PDF documentation

The PDF manuals are loaded by a script named stata_pdf, located inside your Stata installation directory (eg. /usr/local/stata15/stata_pdf). By default the script points to Acrobat Reader (acroread), but Adobe discontinued it around 2014 (good riddance). We can make some edits to stata_pdf so that it uses Evince, which is the default PDF reader in many Linux distros.

First, it always advisable to backup the original file:

cp /usr/local/stata15/stata_pdf /usr/local/stata15/stata_pdf_bkp

Now we edit the script with nano (or whatever you prefer):

nano /usr/local/stata15/stata_pdf

Scroll past the commented text and modify it so that it reads like the following block. It boils down to three edits: cmd="evince" in second line and the first two wharg=....

case "$PDFVIEWER" in
"")     cmd="evince"
        ;;
*)      cmd="$PDFVIEWER"
        ;;
esac

case "$1" in
"-page")        pagenum=$2
                fname=$3
                wharg="--page-label=$pagenum"
                ;;
"-section")     section=$2
                fname=$3
                wharg="--named-dest=$section"
                ;;
*)              fname="$1"
                wharg=""
                ;;
esac

exec $cmd $wharg "$fname"

3. Known issues

If you have a dark GTK+ theme enabled (e.g. the dark variant of Arc, my theme of choice), the X-window version of Stata looks awful. I tried solving this by executing xstata with a different GTK theme; i.e. something like

 Exec=env GTK_THEME=Arc xstata-mp

but apparently GTK+ 3 applications have to be coded to respect the GTK_THEME env variable, and Stata is not. I suspect some answers in this and this questions might contain possible solutions, but I just switched to a light variant of Arc and called it a day.

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